AISI 1023 Carbon Steel (UNS G10230)

Steels containing carbon as the main alloying element are called carbon steels. They can have up to 0.4% silicon and 1.2% manganese. Elements such as chromium, nickel, aluminium, copper and molybdenum are also present in small quantities.

AISI 1023 Carbon Steel (UNS G10230)

Introduction

Steels containing carbon as the main alloying element are called carbon steels. They can have up to 0.4% silicon and 1.2% manganese. Elements such as chromium, nickel, aluminium, copper and molybdenum are also present in small quantities.

The following sections will discuss in detail about AISI 1023 carbon steel.

Chemical Composition

The chemical composition of AISI 1023 carbon steel is outlined in the following table.

Element Content (%)
Iron, Fe 99.06-99.51
Manganese. Mn 0.30-0.60
Carbon, C 0.19-0.25
Sulfur, S ≤ 0.050
Phosphorous, P ≤ 0.040

Physical Properties

The physical properties of AISI 1023 carbon steel are tabulated below.

Properties Metric Imperial
Density 7.858 g/cm3 0.2839 lb/in³

Mechanical Properties

The following table shows mechanical properties of old drawn AISI 1023 carbon steel.

Mechanical Properties Metric Imperial
Tensile strength 425 MPa 61600 psi
Yield strength 360 MPa 52200 psi
Shear modulus 80.0 GPa 11600 ksi
Bulk modulus 140 GPa 20300 ksi
Elastic modulus 190-210 GPa 27557-30458 ksi
Poisson’s ratio 0.27-0.30 0.27-0.30
Elongation at break 15% 15%
Reduction of area 40% 40%
Hardness Brinell 121 121
Hardness, Knoop 140 140
Hardness, Rockwell B 68 68
Hardness, Vickers 126 126
Machinability 65 65

Thermal Properties

The thermal properties of AISI 1023 carbon steel are given in the following table.

Thermal Properties Metric Imperial
Thermal conductivity 51.9 W/mK 360 BTU in/hr.ft².°F

Other Designations

Other designations that are equivalent to AISI 1023 carbon steel include:

  • ASTM A29
  • ASTM A510
  • ASTM A575
  • ASTM A576
  • ASTM A659
  • SAE J403
  • SAE J412
  • SAE J414

APPLICATIONS

AISI 1023 Steel is used for forged motor shafts, hydraulic shafts and pump shafts, as well as for machinery parts.

FORGING

AISI 1023 Steel is forged from around 2250ºF down to a temperature in the region of 1650ºF (1230ºC down to 900ºC.). The actual forging and finishing temperatures will depend on a number of factors, including overall reduction during forging and complexity of part being forged.

HEAT TREATMENT

At this carbon level, annealing after forging may not be necessary, and depending upon the hardness after forging and the complexity of the part being forged, machining may be carried out on the as-forged parts. If parts are of complex shape and hence there are structural variations throughout the part, then normalizing is in order.

Normalizing may be carried out prior to case hardening, at 1650-1700ºF (900-925ºC,) or in the event of variations in microstructure resulting from forging of a complex shape.

Other heat treatment for these steels will involve carburizing or other surface hardening treatments, followed by hardening from a temperature in the region of 1400-1450ºF (760 -790ºC.) Large parts of simple shape will be water quenched, all others oil quenched.

TEMPERING

A tempering treatment at 340-410ºF (170-210ºC,) which more or less amounts to a stress relief, may be carried out following hardening. Any further tempering temperatures, to achieve required properties, will be based upon experience.

MACHINABILITY

Good machinability is obtained on AISI 1023 Steel in the as-forged or normalized conditions. The need for a normalizing treatment, as mentioned above, will be determined by a number of factors, including as-forged hardness and complexity of part.

WELDABILITY

Welding of AISI 1023 Steel may be carried out by all normal fusion methods, preferably using low-carbon electrodes.







Forging
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